現(xiàn)階段每當(dāng)發(fā)出環(huán)保預(yù)警時(shí)，處在環(huán)境敏感區(qū)和環(huán)境容量小的區(qū)域內(nèi)的化工企業(yè)都會(huì)收到停產(chǎn)或限產(chǎn)的通知，安全要求加環(huán)保限排導(dǎo)致化工企業(yè)的生存越來(lái)越困難。國(guó)家對(duì)大氣污染物的環(huán)保治理尤為重視，環(huán)保不會(huì)放松，而且會(huì)越來(lái)越嚴(yán)。化工企業(yè)是環(huán)保污染排放的重要單位之一。

　　At present, whenever an environmental warning is issued, chemical enterprises located in environmentally sensitive areas and areas with small environmental capacity will receive notices of production stoppage or restriction. Safety requirements and environmental emission restrictions have made it increasingly difficult for chemical enterprises to survive. The country attaches great importance to the environmental protection of atmospheric pollutants, and environmental protection will not be relaxed, but will become increasingly strict. Chemical enterprises are one of the important units responsible for environmental pollution emissions.

　　不同于其他的類型的企業(yè)，化工企業(yè)排放的氣態(tài)污染物主要是有機(jī)污染物，存在危害人民身體健康、對(duì)農(nóng)作物以及動(dòng)植物有害、較難分解、氣味較大等特點(diǎn)，因此化工企業(yè)也是環(huán)境保護(hù)單位重點(diǎn)關(guān)照的對(duì)象。

　　Unlike other types of enterprises, the gaseous pollutants emitted by chemical enterprises are mainly organic pollutants, which pose a threat to people's health, are harmful to crops, animals and plants, are difficult to decompose, and have a strong odor. Therefore, chemical enterprises are also a key focus of environmental protection units.

　　按照排放類型可分為無(wú)組織排放和有組織排放。通常我們所說(shuō)的污染物治理和處理，是針對(duì)有組織排放的治理和處理。對(duì)于無(wú)組織排放，通常采取的措施是將無(wú)組織排放收集轉(zhuǎn)化為有組織排放，盡可能的限制其無(wú)組織排放的量。設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)當(dāng)中最容易忽略的、也是最常見的無(wú)組織排放為物料儲(chǔ)存和轉(zhuǎn)移過(guò)程當(dāng)中產(chǎn)生的泄漏。因此，這些區(qū)域和位置需要加裝廢氣收集裝置以減少無(wú)組織排放。

　　According to the type of emissions, they can be divided into unorganized emissions and organized emissions. The pollution control and treatment we usually refer to is aimed at the control and treatment of organized emissions. For unorganized emissions, the usual measure is to collect and convert unorganized emissions into organized emissions, limiting the amount of unorganized emissions as much as possible. The most easily overlooked and common unorganized emissions in design and production are leaks generated during material storage and transfer processes. Therefore, these areas and locations require the installation of exhaust gas collection devices to reduce unorganized emissions.

　　2022年發(fā)布并于2023年4月1日實(shí)施化工行業(yè)推薦標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：HG/T 6113-2022 《化工工藝有機(jī)廢氣處理裝置技術(shù)規(guī)范》中規(guī)定了化工工藝有機(jī)廢氣處理裝置的一般要求、處理裝置技術(shù)要求。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下載方式見文末。化工企業(yè)排出的大氣污染物按照種類主要分為固體顆粒污染物以及氣態(tài)污染物。根據(jù)的種類不同，其處理方式通常有：過(guò)濾除塵法、旋風(fēng)除塵法、靜電除塵法、噴淋吸收法、吸附解析法、深冷凝結(jié)法、高溫處理法。本文簡(jiǎn)單介紹這些方法及其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。

　　The recommended standard for the chemical industry, HG/T 6113-2022 "Technical Specification for Organic Waste Gas Treatment Equipment in Chemical Processes", will be released in 2022 and implemented on April 1, 2023. It specifies the general requirements and technical requirements for organic waste gas treatment equipment in chemical processes. The standard download method can be found at the end of the article. The atmospheric pollutants emitted by chemical enterprises are mainly divided into solid particulate pollutants and gaseous pollutants according to their types. According to different types, the processing methods usually include: filtration dust removal method, cyclone dust removal method, electrostatic dust removal method, spray absorption method, adsorption desorption method, deep condensation method, and high-temperature treatment method. This article briefly introduces these methods and their advantages and disadvantages.

　　過(guò)濾除塵法

　　Filtration and dust removal method

　　過(guò)濾除塵法是最簡(jiǎn)單、通用的處理，對(duì)于含有固體顆粒氣體污染氣體通常都有過(guò)濾除塵設(shè)備。設(shè)備通常為袋式過(guò)濾器。含有固體顆粒的氣體經(jīng)過(guò)濾布袋，固體顆粒被捕集到布袋上，除塵后的潔凈氣體通過(guò)布袋排出。過(guò)濾除塵是最簡(jiǎn)單最有效的儲(chǔ)存方式之一，具有處理量大、設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單、投資較小、維護(hù)簡(jiǎn)單的特點(diǎn)。但是它存在一些缺點(diǎn)，如除塵的效率不高、無(wú)法去除微小顆粒、占地面積較大等。

　　The filtration and dust removal method is the simplest and most universal treatment, and there are usually filtration and dust removal equipment for gas pollutants containing solid particles. The equipment is usually a bag filter. The gas containing solid particles is filtered through a bag, and the solid particles are trapped on the bag. The clean gas after dust removal is discharged through the bag. Filtering and dust removal is one of the simplest and most effective storage methods, characterized by large processing capacity, simple equipment, low investment, and easy maintenance. However, it has some drawbacks, such as low dust removal efficiency, inability to remove small particles, and a large footprint.

　　旋風(fēng)除塵法

　　Cyclone dust removal method

　　旋風(fēng)除塵法也是一種比較高效便捷的含固體顆粒氣體處理方式。他通過(guò)氣偏轉(zhuǎn)氣流運(yùn)行方向產(chǎn)生離心力，將固體顆粒從氣體當(dāng)中分離出來(lái)。旋風(fēng)除塵占地面積較小、設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單、幾乎無(wú)需維護(hù)，它對(duì)處理含有較大顆粒固體的氣體具有天生的優(yōu)勢(shì)。旋風(fēng)除塵也存在的缺點(diǎn)，主要問題是旋風(fēng)除塵無(wú)法去除較小顆粒的固體，而且對(duì)固體的密度有一定的要求。對(duì)于低密度固體處理效果明顯下降。

　　The cyclone dust removal method is also a relatively efficient and convenient way to treat gases containing solid particles. He separates solid particles from the gas by generating centrifugal force by diverting the direction of the airflow. Cyclone dust removal has a small footprint, simple equipment, and almost no maintenance required. It has inherent advantages in treating gases containing larger solid particles. The main drawback of cyclone dust removal is that it cannot remove smaller solid particles and has certain requirements for solid density. The effect of low-density solid treatment is significantly reduced.

　　靜電除塵法

　　Electrostatic precipitator method

　　靜電除塵法是一種比較常見的相對(duì)高級(jí)的除塵方式，他產(chǎn)生高壓電場(chǎng)，對(duì)空氣當(dāng)中帶有靜電的顆粒微塵產(chǎn)生作用力，在電場(chǎng)的作用下，帶電微塵移動(dòng)到一端從實(shí)現(xiàn)顆粒微塵的捕集。靜電除塵法可以去除空氣體當(dāng)中極微小的固體顆粒，實(shí)現(xiàn)除塵最終的達(dá)標(biāo)排放。而且顆粒越小的物質(zhì)除塵效果越佳，而且處理的量可大可小。它的缺點(diǎn)是造價(jià)較高、對(duì)于大顆粒固體處理效果較差、不能處理含有大量固體的氣體，需要先經(jīng)過(guò)其他裝置預(yù)處理。

　　Electrostatic precipitator is a common and relatively advanced dust removal method that generates a high-voltage electric field, which exerts a force on particles and dust with static electricity in the air. Under the action of the electric field, charged particles and dust move to one end to achieve the capture of particles and dust. The electrostatic precipitator method can remove extremely small solid particles from the air, achieving the final standard emission of dust removal. And the smaller the particles, the better the dust removal effect, and the amount of treatment can be large or small. Its disadvantages are high cost, poor treatment effect for large solid particles, and inability to handle gases containing a large amount of solids, which require pre-treatment by other devices first.

　　噴淋吸收法

　　Spray absorption method

　　噴淋吸收法是通過(guò)噴淋液與氣體進(jìn)行直接接觸吸收或反應(yīng)的方法。噴淋吸收時(shí)常見于含塵氣體或純氣體的吸收處理方法。他需要噴淋液與固體或氣體能夠溶解或發(fā)生反應(yīng)。噴淋吸收法設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單，處理量較大，對(duì)于較高濃度的氣體也可以處理，處理效果比較好。它的缺點(diǎn)是產(chǎn)生噴淋廢水，后續(xù)需要進(jìn)行廢水處理，吸收后往往不能達(dá)到直接排放的目標(biāo)，需要其他輔助處理。

　　Spray absorption method is a method of direct contact absorption or reaction between spray liquid and gas. Spray absorption is often seen in absorption treatment methods for dusty or pure gases. He needs the spray liquid to dissolve or react with solids or gases. The spray absorption method has simple equipment, large processing capacity, and can also treat gases with higher concentrations, resulting in better treatment effects. Its disadvantage is the generation of spray wastewater, which requires subsequent wastewater treatment. After absorption, it often cannot achieve the goal of direct discharge and requires other auxiliary treatments.

　　吸附解析法

　　Adsorption analysis method

　　吸附解析法是處理氣態(tài)污染物的一種方法，它通過(guò)含有微孔結(jié)構(gòu)的物質(zhì)與氣體接觸，氣體被吸附到微孔結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)中，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)氣體的吸收處理。通過(guò)高溫處理，吸附在微孔中的體態(tài)物質(zhì)解析出，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)吸附物的循環(huán)再利用。它可以吸收和處理較小濃度的氣體，實(shí)現(xiàn)達(dá)標(biāo)排放。但是該方法存在一些缺點(diǎn)，首先吸附劑容量有限，因此無(wú)法處理含有較高濃度的氣體，需要經(jīng)過(guò)其他方法預(yù)處理后方可吸附處理。其次，對(duì)于不同污染物需要選擇不同的吸附劑。而且設(shè)備投資相對(duì)較高，吸附劑需要定期更換，解析之后產(chǎn)生廢水，還需要進(jìn)行廢水處理。

　　Adsorption desorption method is a method for treating gaseous pollutants, which involves the contact of substances containing microporous structures with gas, and the gas is adsorbed into the microporous structure, thereby achieving gas absorption treatment. Through high-temperature treatment, the adsorbed substances in the micropores are resolved, thereby achieving the recycling and reuse of the adsorbate. It can absorb and process gases with lower concentrations to achieve standard emissions. However, this method has some drawbacks. Firstly, the adsorbent capacity is limited, making it unable to handle gases with high concentrations. Therefore, other methods of pretreatment are required before adsorption treatment can be carried out. Secondly, different adsorbents need to be selected for different pollutants. Moreover, the equipment investment is relatively high, and the adsorbent needs to be replaced regularly. After analysis, wastewater is generated and needs to be treated.

　　深冷凝結(jié)法

　　Deep condensation method

　　深冷凝結(jié)法是通過(guò)建立超低溫環(huán)境，將氣體冷凝為液體從而實(shí)現(xiàn)氣態(tài)有機(jī)物分離和去除的目的。深冷冷凝法是一種有效的降低排放量并實(shí)現(xiàn)污染物回收再利用的方法，是一種綠色可循環(huán)的處理方法，其處理量較大，處理效果上較好。但是存在著設(shè)備投資費(fèi)用大、運(yùn)行成本高、受限于氣體污染物種類等缺點(diǎn)。

　　The deep condensation method is achieved by establishing an ultra-low temperature environment to condense gas into liquid, thereby achieving the separation and removal of gaseous organic compounds. Deep cooling condensation method is an effective way to reduce emissions and achieve pollutant recovery and reuse. It is a green and recyclable treatment method with a large processing capacity and good treatment effect. However, there are disadvantages such as high equipment investment costs, high operating costs, and limitations on the types of gas pollutants.

　　高溫處理法

　　High temperature treatment method

　　高溫處理法是通過(guò)高溫將污染物進(jìn)行分解，其中燃燒處理法是通過(guò)直接對(duì)污染物進(jìn)行燃燒的方式而處理的。它是一種比較簡(jiǎn)便有效的處理方式，可以處理掉絕大部分難以采用其他方式處理的污染物。燃燒處理法可以處理氣體污染物含量較高的氣體，可以處理成分復(fù)雜的氣體污染物，熱能可以部分回用。但是由于其存在明火會(huì)有燃爆的危險(xiǎn)性，對(duì)設(shè)備安全性要求較高，處理物質(zhì)種類（如燃燒后產(chǎn)生其它污染物的氣體）有限制，大量有機(jī)物分解浪費(fèi)。

　　The high-temperature treatment method decomposes pollutants at high temperatures, while the combustion treatment method directly burns the pollutants for treatment. It is a relatively simple and effective treatment method that can remove the vast majority of pollutants that are difficult to treat using other methods. The combustion treatment method can treat gases with high levels of gas pollutants, complex gas pollutants, and partially reuse thermal energy. However, due to the risk of explosion caused by the presence of open flames, there are high requirements for equipment safety, limitations on the types of substances to be processed (such as gases that produce other pollutants after combustion), and a large amount of organic matter decomposition waste.

　　作為化工企業(yè)當(dāng)中的化工工程師，應(yīng)當(dāng)了解并熟悉各類廢氣處理方法和特點(diǎn)。應(yīng)當(dāng)知曉本企業(yè)所產(chǎn)生的廢氣中的成分及其含量。應(yīng)該有能力選擇經(jīng)濟(jì)合理且有效的廢氣處理工藝和設(shè)備來(lái)處理本企業(yè)產(chǎn)生的廢氣。

　　As a chemical engineer in a chemical enterprise, one should understand and be familiar with various methods and characteristics of waste gas treatment. Should be aware of the composition and content of the exhaust gas generated by this enterprise. Should have the ability to choose economically reasonable and effective waste gas treatment processes and equipment to treat the waste gas generated by the enterprise.

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